Journal: Acta Crystallographica. Section F, Structural Biology Communications

Article Title: Neutron and high-resolution room-temperature X-ray data collection from crystallized lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase

doi: 10.1107/S2053230X15019743

Figure Lengend Snippet: Macromolecule-production information

Article Snippet: Details of the cloning and protein-production procedures are summarized in Table 1 . table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 Table 1 caption a7 Source organism J. denitrificans strain ATCC 14870 DNA source Synthetic DNA Forward primer 5-CCGTAGCAAT GGATCC ATGAAGAAGAGAAAGTTGAGAGCGTCAGC-3 Reverse primer 5-TCGTAATGCC GCGGCCGC TCATGAGACCACAACATCCATACAGTTG-3 Expression vector pUCBB-eGFP Expression host E. coli BL21 Star (DE3) Complete amino-acid sequence of the construct produced HGWVTDPPSRQALCASGETSFDCGQISYEPQSVEAPKGATTCSGGNEAFAILDDNSKPWPTTEIASTVDLTWKLTAPHNTSTWEYFVDGQLHQTFDQKGQQPPTSLTHTLTDLPTGEHTILARWNVSNTNNAFYNCMDVVVS Open in a separate window caption a8 Macromolecule-production information

Techniques: Expressing, Plasmid Preparation, Sequencing, Construct, Produced

Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Article Title: Host Range of the Conjugative Transfer System of IncP-9 Naphthalene-Catabolic Plasmid NAH7 and Characterization of Its oriT Region and Relaxase

doi: 10.1128/AEM.02359-16

Figure Lengend Snippet: Deletion derivatives of the oriTN region and their mobilization. The numerals at both ends of each fragment are the nucleotide positions in the 430-bp oriTN region. Four predicted IRs with hairpin loop structures (see Fig. 1c) are indicated by different colored boxes, DRs are indicated by arrows, and the putative IHF-binding site is depicted as a red box. The frequencies of mobilization of pNIT101 to pNIT114 from G7(NAH7K3) to KT2400Gm are expressed by the numbers of the Tcr transconjugants per donor cell. Each frequency is the mean value obtained from at least three independent experiments. Statistical analysis was performed using the t test: statistical significance (P < 0.05) in comparison with pNIT101 (*) and with pNIT104 (**).

Article Snippet: These results show that the NAH7 conjugation system has a broader host range than its replication system. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 3 caption a7 Recipient strain Mobilization frequency b pNIT6012 pNIT101 P. putida KT2440::Gm <1.1 × 10 −8 3.6 × 10 −3 P. fluorescens Pf-5G <4.0 × 10 −8 4.8 × 10 −4 P. aeruginosa KGG <3.5 × 10 −8 1.4 × 10 −4 B. multivorans ATCC 17616 <3.5 × 10 −8 5.8 × 10 −4 B. vietnamiensis G4::Gm <3.6 × 10 −8 1.5 × 10 −4 B. cenocepacia J2315::Gm <3.6 × 10 −8 7.6 × 10 −5 R. solanacearum RS1085::Gm <3.8 × 10 −8 3.8 × 10 −6 Sphingobium japonicum UT26::Gm <2.9 × 10 −8 1.0 × 10 −6 Sphingobium sp. MI1205::Gm <3.3 × 10 −8 2.4 × 10 −5 Sphingobium sp. TKS::Gm <4.3 × 10 −9 <4.4 × 10 −9 Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 <5.6 × 10 −8 1.4 × 10 −3 Open in a separate window a Mobilization of pNIT6012 and pNIT101 from P. putida G7(NAH7K3) to the recipient strain was investigated by selecting the Tc r Gm r or Tc r Sm r transconjugants. b Mobilization frequency is expressed by the number of transconjugants per donor cell, and the mean value was obtained from at least three independent experiments.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Comparison

Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Article Title: Host Range of the Conjugative Transfer System of IncP-9 Naphthalene-Catabolic Plasmid NAH7 and Characterization of Its oriT Region and Relaxase

doi: 10.1128/AEM.02359-16

Figure Lengend Snippet: Conjugative transfer and mobilization of plasmids a

Article Snippet: These results show that the NAH7 conjugation system has a broader host range than its replication system. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 3 caption a7 Recipient strain Mobilization frequency b pNIT6012 pNIT101 P. putida KT2440::Gm <1.1 × 10 −8 3.6 × 10 −3 P. fluorescens Pf-5G <4.0 × 10 −8 4.8 × 10 −4 P. aeruginosa KGG <3.5 × 10 −8 1.4 × 10 −4 B. multivorans ATCC 17616 <3.5 × 10 −8 5.8 × 10 −4 B. vietnamiensis G4::Gm <3.6 × 10 −8 1.5 × 10 −4 B. cenocepacia J2315::Gm <3.6 × 10 −8 7.6 × 10 −5 R. solanacearum RS1085::Gm <3.8 × 10 −8 3.8 × 10 −6 Sphingobium japonicum UT26::Gm <2.9 × 10 −8 1.0 × 10 −6 Sphingobium sp. MI1205::Gm <3.3 × 10 −8 2.4 × 10 −5 Sphingobium sp. TKS::Gm <4.3 × 10 −9 <4.4 × 10 −9 Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 <5.6 × 10 −8 1.4 × 10 −3 Open in a separate window a Mobilization of pNIT6012 and pNIT101 from P. putida G7(NAH7K3) to the recipient strain was investigated by selecting the Tc r Gm r or Tc r Sm r transconjugants. b Mobilization frequency is expressed by the number of transconjugants per donor cell, and the mean value was obtained from at least three independent experiments.

Techniques: Plasmid Preparation, Clone Assay

Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Article Title: Host Range of the Conjugative Transfer System of IncP-9 Naphthalene-Catabolic Plasmid NAH7 and Characterization of Its oriT Region and Relaxase

doi: 10.1128/AEM.02359-16

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mobilization of oriT N -containing plasmid to various bacterial strains a

Article Snippet: These results show that the NAH7 conjugation system has a broader host range than its replication system. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 3 caption a7 Recipient strain Mobilization frequency b pNIT6012 pNIT101 P. putida KT2440::Gm <1.1 × 10 −8 3.6 × 10 −3 P. fluorescens Pf-5G <4.0 × 10 −8 4.8 × 10 −4 P. aeruginosa KGG <3.5 × 10 −8 1.4 × 10 −4 B. multivorans ATCC 17616 <3.5 × 10 −8 5.8 × 10 −4 B. vietnamiensis G4::Gm <3.6 × 10 −8 1.5 × 10 −4 B. cenocepacia J2315::Gm <3.6 × 10 −8 7.6 × 10 −5 R. solanacearum RS1085::Gm <3.8 × 10 −8 3.8 × 10 −6 Sphingobium japonicum UT26::Gm <2.9 × 10 −8 1.0 × 10 −6 Sphingobium sp. MI1205::Gm <3.3 × 10 −8 2.4 × 10 −5 Sphingobium sp. TKS::Gm <4.3 × 10 −9 <4.4 × 10 −9 Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 <5.6 × 10 −8 1.4 × 10 −3 Open in a separate window a Mobilization of pNIT6012 and pNIT101 from P. putida G7(NAH7K3) to the recipient strain was investigated by selecting the Tc r Gm r or Tc r Sm r transconjugants. b Mobilization frequency is expressed by the number of transconjugants per donor cell, and the mean value was obtained from at least three independent experiments.

Techniques: Plasmid Preparation

Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Article Title: Host Range of the Conjugative Transfer System of IncP-9 Naphthalene-Catabolic Plasmid NAH7 and Characterization of Its oriT Region and Relaxase

doi: 10.1128/AEM.02359-16

Figure Lengend Snippet: Bacterial strains and plasmids used in this study

Article Snippet: These results show that the NAH7 conjugation system has a broader host range than its replication system. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 3 caption a7 Recipient strain Mobilization frequency b pNIT6012 pNIT101 P. putida KT2440::Gm <1.1 × 10 −8 3.6 × 10 −3 P. fluorescens Pf-5G <4.0 × 10 −8 4.8 × 10 −4 P. aeruginosa KGG <3.5 × 10 −8 1.4 × 10 −4 B. multivorans ATCC 17616 <3.5 × 10 −8 5.8 × 10 −4 B. vietnamiensis G4::Gm <3.6 × 10 −8 1.5 × 10 −4 B. cenocepacia J2315::Gm <3.6 × 10 −8 7.6 × 10 −5 R. solanacearum RS1085::Gm <3.8 × 10 −8 3.8 × 10 −6 Sphingobium japonicum UT26::Gm <2.9 × 10 −8 1.0 × 10 −6 Sphingobium sp. MI1205::Gm <3.3 × 10 −8 2.4 × 10 −5 Sphingobium sp. TKS::Gm <4.3 × 10 −9 <4.4 × 10 −9 Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 <5.6 × 10 −8 1.4 × 10 −3 Open in a separate window a Mobilization of pNIT6012 and pNIT101 from P. putida G7(NAH7K3) to the recipient strain was investigated by selecting the Tc r Gm r or Tc r Sm r transconjugants. b Mobilization frequency is expressed by the number of transconjugants per donor cell, and the mean value was obtained from at least three independent experiments.

Techniques: Plasmid Preparation, Over Expression

Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Article Title: Host Range of the Conjugative Transfer System of IncP-9 Naphthalene-Catabolic Plasmid NAH7 and Characterization of Its oriT Region and Relaxase

doi: 10.1128/AEM.02359-16

Figure Lengend Snippet: Primers used in this study

Article Snippet: These results show that the NAH7 conjugation system has a broader host range than its replication system. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 3 caption a7 Recipient strain Mobilization frequency b pNIT6012 pNIT101 P. putida KT2440::Gm <1.1 × 10 −8 3.6 × 10 −3 P. fluorescens Pf-5G <4.0 × 10 −8 4.8 × 10 −4 P. aeruginosa KGG <3.5 × 10 −8 1.4 × 10 −4 B. multivorans ATCC 17616 <3.5 × 10 −8 5.8 × 10 −4 B. vietnamiensis G4::Gm <3.6 × 10 −8 1.5 × 10 −4 B. cenocepacia J2315::Gm <3.6 × 10 −8 7.6 × 10 −5 R. solanacearum RS1085::Gm <3.8 × 10 −8 3.8 × 10 −6 Sphingobium japonicum UT26::Gm <2.9 × 10 −8 1.0 × 10 −6 Sphingobium sp. MI1205::Gm <3.3 × 10 −8 2.4 × 10 −5 Sphingobium sp. TKS::Gm <4.3 × 10 −9 <4.4 × 10 −9 Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 <5.6 × 10 −8 1.4 × 10 −3 Open in a separate window a Mobilization of pNIT6012 and pNIT101 from P. putida G7(NAH7K3) to the recipient strain was investigated by selecting the Tc r Gm r or Tc r Sm r transconjugants. b Mobilization frequency is expressed by the number of transconjugants per donor cell, and the mean value was obtained from at least three independent experiments.

Techniques: Sequencing, Cloning, Amplification

Journal:

Article Title: In Vitro Activities of Novel 2-Fluoro-Naphthyridine-Containing Ketolides

doi: 10.1128/AAC.49.1.309-315.2005

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antibacterial activities of erythromycin A, telithromycin, JNJ 1, and JNJ 2

Article Snippet: PAEs for telithromycin, JNJ 1, and JNJ 2 were similar against the macrolide-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci (Table ), ranging from 3 to 4 h for the strain OC4409 (macrolide susceptible), to 5 to 6 h for strains OC4430 ( erm ) and OC4427 ( mef ), to 6 to 8 h for strains ATCC 6301 (macrolide susceptible), OC4444 ( erm ), and OC4568 ( mef ). table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 4. caption a7 S. pneumoniae strain PAE (h) Telithromycin JNJ 1 JNJ 2 ATCC 6301 7.6 6.6 6.7 OC4409 3.0 3.7 4.2 OC4430 [ erm (B)] 5.4 4.6 4.6 OC4444 [ erm (B)] 7.6 6.2 6.2 OC4427 [ mef (A)] 6.3 5.4 4.6 OC4568 [ mef (A)] 8.1 6.1 6.2 Open in a separate window PAE of telithromycin, JNJ 1, and JNJ 2 on S. pneumoniae isolates

Techniques:

Journal:

Article Title: In Vitro Activities of Novel 2-Fluoro-Naphthyridine-Containing Ketolides

doi: 10.1128/AAC.49.1.309-315.2005

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inhibition of protein synthesis by erythromycin A, telithromycin, JNJ 1, JNJ 2, and ampicillin

Article Snippet: PAEs for telithromycin, JNJ 1, and JNJ 2 were similar against the macrolide-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci (Table ), ranging from 3 to 4 h for the strain OC4409 (macrolide susceptible), to 5 to 6 h for strains OC4430 ( erm ) and OC4427 ( mef ), to 6 to 8 h for strains ATCC 6301 (macrolide susceptible), OC4444 ( erm ), and OC4568 ( mef ). table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 4. caption a7 S. pneumoniae strain PAE (h) Telithromycin JNJ 1 JNJ 2 ATCC 6301 7.6 6.6 6.7 OC4409 3.0 3.7 4.2 OC4430 [ erm (B)] 5.4 4.6 4.6 OC4444 [ erm (B)] 7.6 6.2 6.2 OC4427 [ mef (A)] 6.3 5.4 4.6 OC4568 [ mef (A)] 8.1 6.1 6.2 Open in a separate window PAE of telithromycin, JNJ 1, and JNJ 2 on S. pneumoniae isolates

Techniques: Inhibition

Journal:

Article Title: In Vitro Activities of Novel 2-Fluoro-Naphthyridine-Containing Ketolides

doi: 10.1128/AAC.49.1.309-315.2005

Figure Lengend Snippet: Decrease in bacterial counts of macrolide-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci after treatment with telithromycin, JNJ 1, or JNJ 2

Article Snippet: PAEs for telithromycin, JNJ 1, and JNJ 2 were similar against the macrolide-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci (Table ), ranging from 3 to 4 h for the strain OC4409 (macrolide susceptible), to 5 to 6 h for strains OC4430 ( erm ) and OC4427 ( mef ), to 6 to 8 h for strains ATCC 6301 (macrolide susceptible), OC4444 ( erm ), and OC4568 ( mef ). table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 4. caption a7 S. pneumoniae strain PAE (h) Telithromycin JNJ 1 JNJ 2 ATCC 6301 7.6 6.6 6.7 OC4409 3.0 3.7 4.2 OC4430 [ erm (B)] 5.4 4.6 4.6 OC4444 [ erm (B)] 7.6 6.2 6.2 OC4427 [ mef (A)] 6.3 5.4 4.6 OC4568 [ mef (A)] 8.1 6.1 6.2 Open in a separate window PAE of telithromycin, JNJ 1, and JNJ 2 on S. pneumoniae isolates

Techniques:

Journal:

Article Title: In Vitro Activities of Novel 2-Fluoro-Naphthyridine-Containing Ketolides

doi: 10.1128/AAC.49.1.309-315.2005

Figure Lengend Snippet: PAE of telithromycin, JNJ 1, and JNJ 2 on S. pneumoniae isolates

Article Snippet: PAEs for telithromycin, JNJ 1, and JNJ 2 were similar against the macrolide-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci (Table ), ranging from 3 to 4 h for the strain OC4409 (macrolide susceptible), to 5 to 6 h for strains OC4430 ( erm ) and OC4427 ( mef ), to 6 to 8 h for strains ATCC 6301 (macrolide susceptible), OC4444 ( erm ), and OC4568 ( mef ). table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 4. caption a7 S. pneumoniae strain PAE (h) Telithromycin JNJ 1 JNJ 2 ATCC 6301 7.6 6.6 6.7 OC4409 3.0 3.7 4.2 OC4430 [ erm (B)] 5.4 4.6 4.6 OC4444 [ erm (B)] 7.6 6.2 6.2 OC4427 [ mef (A)] 6.3 5.4 4.6 OC4568 [ mef (A)] 8.1 6.1 6.2 Open in a separate window PAE of telithromycin, JNJ 1, and JNJ 2 on S. pneumoniae isolates

Techniques:

Journal:

Article Title: Aggregation Substance Increases Adherence and Internalization, but Not Translocation, of Enterococcus faecalis through Different Intestinal Epithelial Cells In Vitro

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: E. faecalis strains

Article Snippet: Appropriate dilutions of the suspensions were plated on nutrient agar in order to determine the CFU per milliliter of infection medium. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 Strain Relevant characteristic Reference OG1X Plasmid free 13 OG1X/pAM721 pAD1 derivative containing Tn 917 insertion within regulatory region of asa-1 resulting in constitutive expression of AS 12 OG1X/pAM944 pAD1 derivative containing Tn 917 insertion in asa-1 resulting in secretion of truncated AS 7, 13 Open in a separate window E. faecalis strains Intestinal epithelial cell lines originating from the colon (HT 29 and T84), ileum (HCT-8), and duodenum (Hutu 80) were used at passages below 10 from a stock culture purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, Va.).

Techniques: Plasmid Preparation, Expressing

Journal: Journal of medicinal chemistry

Article Title: Synthesis and Bioactivities of Kanamycin B-Derived Cationic Amphiphiles

doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01375

Figure Lengend Snippet: MIC Values ( μ g/mL) a of KANA, KANB, 3a–e, and 4c, d against Various Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacterial Strains

Article Snippet: This is in agreement with our results showing that, as with bacteria, 3d may also be able to delay the development of resistance by fungi ( Figure S27 ). table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 yeast strains KANB 3a 3b 3c 3d 3e 4c 4d POS ITC FLC C. albicans ATCC 10231 ( A ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 31.2 3.9 0.5 0.5 62.5 C. albicans ATCC 64124 ( B ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 31.2 3.9 >62.5 >62.5 >125 C. albicans ATCC MYA-2876 ( C ) c >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 31.2 3.9 7.8 7.8 15.6 C. albicans ATCC 90819 ( D ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 15.6 3.9 62.5 7.8 31.2 31.2 >125 C. albicans ATCC MYA-2310 ( E ) c >125 >125 62.5 7.8 7.8 3.9 62.5 7.8 31.2 31.2 >125 C. albicans ATCC MYA-1237 ( F ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 62.5 7.8 15.6 31.2 62.5 C. albicans ATCC MYA-1003 ( G ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 62.5 7.8 15.6 31.2 62.5 Filamentous Fungi Aspergillus nidulans ATCC 38163 ( H ) >125 15.6 ≤1.95 ≤1.95 ≤1.95 1.95 3.9 1.95 ≤1.95 ≤1.95 >62.5 Open in a separate window a All experiments were performed in duplicate.

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of medicinal chemistry

Article Title: Synthesis and Bioactivities of Kanamycin B-Derived Cationic Amphiphiles

doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01375

Figure Lengend Snippet: Bar graph displaying the relative initial rates of reactions of the various AMEs with KANB and its derivatives 3a–e and 4c, d. Rates are normalized to KANB.

Article Snippet: This is in agreement with our results showing that, as with bacteria, 3d may also be able to delay the development of resistance by fungi ( Figure S27 ). table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 yeast strains KANB 3a 3b 3c 3d 3e 4c 4d POS ITC FLC C. albicans ATCC 10231 ( A ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 31.2 3.9 0.5 0.5 62.5 C. albicans ATCC 64124 ( B ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 31.2 3.9 >62.5 >62.5 >125 C. albicans ATCC MYA-2876 ( C ) c >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 31.2 3.9 7.8 7.8 15.6 C. albicans ATCC 90819 ( D ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 15.6 3.9 62.5 7.8 31.2 31.2 >125 C. albicans ATCC MYA-2310 ( E ) c >125 >125 62.5 7.8 7.8 3.9 62.5 7.8 31.2 31.2 >125 C. albicans ATCC MYA-1237 ( F ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 62.5 7.8 15.6 31.2 62.5 C. albicans ATCC MYA-1003 ( G ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 62.5 7.8 15.6 31.2 62.5 Filamentous Fungi Aspergillus nidulans ATCC 38163 ( H ) >125 15.6 ≤1.95 ≤1.95 ≤1.95 1.95 3.9 1.95 ≤1.95 ≤1.95 >62.5 Open in a separate window a All experiments were performed in duplicate.

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of medicinal chemistry

Article Title: Synthesis and Bioactivities of Kanamycin B-Derived Cationic Amphiphiles

doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01375

Figure Lengend Snippet: MIC Values ( μ g/mL) Determined for KANB, Its Derivatives 3a–e and 4c, d, and Three Control Antifungal Agents (POS, ITC, and FLC) against Various Yeast Strains and Filamentous Fungi a

Article Snippet: This is in agreement with our results showing that, as with bacteria, 3d may also be able to delay the development of resistance by fungi ( Figure S27 ). table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 yeast strains KANB 3a 3b 3c 3d 3e 4c 4d POS ITC FLC C. albicans ATCC 10231 ( A ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 31.2 3.9 0.5 0.5 62.5 C. albicans ATCC 64124 ( B ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 31.2 3.9 >62.5 >62.5 >125 C. albicans ATCC MYA-2876 ( C ) c >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 31.2 3.9 7.8 7.8 15.6 C. albicans ATCC 90819 ( D ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 15.6 3.9 62.5 7.8 31.2 31.2 >125 C. albicans ATCC MYA-2310 ( E ) c >125 >125 62.5 7.8 7.8 3.9 62.5 7.8 31.2 31.2 >125 C. albicans ATCC MYA-1237 ( F ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 62.5 7.8 15.6 31.2 62.5 C. albicans ATCC MYA-1003 ( G ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 62.5 7.8 15.6 31.2 62.5 Filamentous Fungi Aspergillus nidulans ATCC 38163 ( H ) >125 15.6 ≤1.95 ≤1.95 ≤1.95 1.95 3.9 1.95 ≤1.95 ≤1.95 >62.5 Open in a separate window a All experiments were performed in duplicate.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Journal of medicinal chemistry

Article Title: Synthesis and Bioactivities of Kanamycin B-Derived Cationic Amphiphiles

doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01375

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative time-kill studies of KANB derivatives 3c and 3d against azole-resistant C. albicans ATCC 64124 (strain B). (A) Cultures were exposed to 3c at 8 μg/mL (○), 16 μg/mL (▼), and 32 μg/mL (△). (B) Cultures were exposed to 3d at 2 μg/mL (○), 4 μg/mL (▼), and 8 μg/mL (△). In both panels, cultures were exposed to AmB at 1 μg/mL (■) or to a no drug control (●).

Article Snippet: This is in agreement with our results showing that, as with bacteria, 3d may also be able to delay the development of resistance by fungi ( Figure S27 ). table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 yeast strains KANB 3a 3b 3c 3d 3e 4c 4d POS ITC FLC C. albicans ATCC 10231 ( A ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 31.2 3.9 0.5 0.5 62.5 C. albicans ATCC 64124 ( B ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 31.2 3.9 >62.5 >62.5 >125 C. albicans ATCC MYA-2876 ( C ) c >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 31.2 3.9 7.8 7.8 15.6 C. albicans ATCC 90819 ( D ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 15.6 3.9 62.5 7.8 31.2 31.2 >125 C. albicans ATCC MYA-2310 ( E ) c >125 >125 62.5 7.8 7.8 3.9 62.5 7.8 31.2 31.2 >125 C. albicans ATCC MYA-1237 ( F ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 62.5 7.8 15.6 31.2 62.5 C. albicans ATCC MYA-1003 ( G ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 62.5 7.8 15.6 31.2 62.5 Filamentous Fungi Aspergillus nidulans ATCC 38163 ( H ) >125 15.6 ≤1.95 ≤1.95 ≤1.95 1.95 3.9 1.95 ≤1.95 ≤1.95 >62.5 Open in a separate window a All experiments were performed in duplicate.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Journal of medicinal chemistry

Article Title: Synthesis and Bioactivities of Kanamycin B-Derived Cationic Amphiphiles

doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01375

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Representative dose-dependent membrane permeabilization effects of KANB and its derivatives 3c and 3d on azole-resistant C. albicans ATCC 64124 (B). From top to bottom: Propidium iodine (PI) dye uptake by yeast cells without drug, with KANB (62.5 μg/mL), with 3c (1× and 2× MIC), and with 3d (1× and 2× MIC). (B) Quantitative representation of the images shown in panel A.

Article Snippet: This is in agreement with our results showing that, as with bacteria, 3d may also be able to delay the development of resistance by fungi ( Figure S27 ). table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 yeast strains KANB 3a 3b 3c 3d 3e 4c 4d POS ITC FLC C. albicans ATCC 10231 ( A ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 31.2 3.9 0.5 0.5 62.5 C. albicans ATCC 64124 ( B ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 31.2 3.9 >62.5 >62.5 >125 C. albicans ATCC MYA-2876 ( C ) c >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 31.2 3.9 7.8 7.8 15.6 C. albicans ATCC 90819 ( D ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 15.6 3.9 62.5 7.8 31.2 31.2 >125 C. albicans ATCC MYA-2310 ( E ) c >125 >125 62.5 7.8 7.8 3.9 62.5 7.8 31.2 31.2 >125 C. albicans ATCC MYA-1237 ( F ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 62.5 7.8 15.6 31.2 62.5 C. albicans ATCC MYA-1003 ( G ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 62.5 7.8 15.6 31.2 62.5 Filamentous Fungi Aspergillus nidulans ATCC 38163 ( H ) >125 15.6 ≤1.95 ≤1.95 ≤1.95 1.95 3.9 1.95 ≤1.95 ≤1.95 >62.5 Open in a separate window a All experiments were performed in duplicate.

Techniques: Membrane

Journal: Journal of medicinal chemistry

Article Title: Synthesis and Bioactivities of Kanamycin B-Derived Cationic Amphiphiles

doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01375

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hemolytic activity of KANB, gramicidin, amphotericin B (AmB), and 3a–e on mouse red blood cells.

Article Snippet: This is in agreement with our results showing that, as with bacteria, 3d may also be able to delay the development of resistance by fungi ( Figure S27 ). table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 yeast strains KANB 3a 3b 3c 3d 3e 4c 4d POS ITC FLC C. albicans ATCC 10231 ( A ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 31.2 3.9 0.5 0.5 62.5 C. albicans ATCC 64124 ( B ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 31.2 3.9 >62.5 >62.5 >125 C. albicans ATCC MYA-2876 ( C ) c >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 31.2 3.9 7.8 7.8 15.6 C. albicans ATCC 90819 ( D ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 15.6 3.9 62.5 7.8 31.2 31.2 >125 C. albicans ATCC MYA-2310 ( E ) c >125 >125 62.5 7.8 7.8 3.9 62.5 7.8 31.2 31.2 >125 C. albicans ATCC MYA-1237 ( F ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 62.5 7.8 15.6 31.2 62.5 C. albicans ATCC MYA-1003 ( G ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 62.5 7.8 15.6 31.2 62.5 Filamentous Fungi Aspergillus nidulans ATCC 38163 ( H ) >125 15.6 ≤1.95 ≤1.95 ≤1.95 1.95 3.9 1.95 ≤1.95 ≤1.95 >62.5 Open in a separate window a All experiments were performed in duplicate.

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: Journal of medicinal chemistry

Article Title: Synthesis and Bioactivities of Kanamycin B-Derived Cationic Amphiphiles

doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01375

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mammalian cell cytotoxicity of KANB and its derivatives 3a–d against (A) A549 cell line and (B) BEAS-2B cell line.

Article Snippet: This is in agreement with our results showing that, as with bacteria, 3d may also be able to delay the development of resistance by fungi ( Figure S27 ). table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 yeast strains KANB 3a 3b 3c 3d 3e 4c 4d POS ITC FLC C. albicans ATCC 10231 ( A ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 31.2 3.9 0.5 0.5 62.5 C. albicans ATCC 64124 ( B ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 31.2 3.9 >62.5 >62.5 >125 C. albicans ATCC MYA-2876 ( C ) c >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 31.2 3.9 7.8 7.8 15.6 C. albicans ATCC 90819 ( D ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 15.6 3.9 62.5 7.8 31.2 31.2 >125 C. albicans ATCC MYA-2310 ( E ) c >125 >125 62.5 7.8 7.8 3.9 62.5 7.8 31.2 31.2 >125 C. albicans ATCC MYA-1237 ( F ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 62.5 7.8 15.6 31.2 62.5 C. albicans ATCC MYA-1003 ( G ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 62.5 7.8 15.6 31.2 62.5 Filamentous Fungi Aspergillus nidulans ATCC 38163 ( H ) >125 15.6 ≤1.95 ≤1.95 ≤1.95 1.95 3.9 1.95 ≤1.95 ≤1.95 >62.5 Open in a separate window a All experiments were performed in duplicate.

Techniques:

Journal:

Article Title: Type IV Pili and the CcpA Protein Are Needed for Maximal Biofilm Formation by the Gram-Positive Anaerobic Pathogen Clostridium perfringens ▿

doi: 10.1128/IAI.00692-08

Figure Lengend Snippet: Bacterial strains used in this study

Article Snippet: The standard culture conditions were incubation in a Coy anaerobic chamber (Coy Laboratory Products, Grass Lake, MI) at 37°C. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1. caption a7 C. perfringens strain Relevant characteristics Source ATCC 13124 Type A strain, type strain, gangrene ATCC JGS 1495 Type C strain G. Songer JGS 1721 Type D strain G. Songer JGS 1987 Type E strain G. Songer SM101 Type A strain, food poisoning, transformable 58 SM120 ccpA mutant derivative of SM101 52 SM125 pilC mutant derivative of strain 13, TFP − , nonmotile 53 SM126 pilT mutant derivative of strain 13, TFP − , nonmotile 53 13 Type A strain, gangrene isolate, highly transformable 29 Open in a separate window Bacterial strains used in this study

Techniques: Mutagenesis

Journal:

Article Title: Type IV Pili and the CcpA Protein Are Needed for Maximal Biofilm Formation by the Gram-Positive Anaerobic Pathogen Clostridium perfringens ▿

doi: 10.1128/IAI.00692-08

Figure Lengend Snippet: Appearances of biofilms formed by wild-type and mutant strains of C. perfringens on glass and plastic surfaces. The FE-SEM images show the relatively flat surfaces of biofilms formed by the wild-type (A), pilT mutant (C), and pilC mutant (E) strains. (A) The right side of the image shows the surface of the biofilm; in the center, the biofilm has been torn away, revealing a dense mixture of cells and matrix material. (C) The biofilm is present on the left side of the image, and the right side shows the glass surface used as a substrate for biofilm formation. (E) The entire surface shown is covered by a biofilm, with a crack in the surface visible on the right side. The material beneath the crack appears to be less thick and dense than the material under the surface of the biofilm formed by the wild-type strain shown in panel A. (B, D, and F) Laser confocal microscopy images of fluorescently labeled (Syto 9 and propidium iodide) wild-type (B), pilT mutant (D), and pilC mutant (F) bacteria. Representative images of quadruplicate samples are shown as single x-y sections. The white lines in each image indicate the locations of the z sections shown at the top or right edge of the corresponding figure. The thicknessesof the z sections shown at the edges correspond to the depths of the biofilms. Using compiled z sections, the thicknesses of the biofilms in panels B, D, and F were between 30 and 40 μm. Panels A, C, and E, bars = 10 μm; panels B, D, and F, bars = 20 μm.

Article Snippet: The standard culture conditions were incubation in a Coy anaerobic chamber (Coy Laboratory Products, Grass Lake, MI) at 37°C. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1. caption a7 C. perfringens strain Relevant characteristics Source ATCC 13124 Type A strain, type strain, gangrene ATCC JGS 1495 Type C strain G. Songer JGS 1721 Type D strain G. Songer JGS 1987 Type E strain G. Songer SM101 Type A strain, food poisoning, transformable 58 SM120 ccpA mutant derivative of SM101 52 SM125 pilC mutant derivative of strain 13, TFP − , nonmotile 53 SM126 pilT mutant derivative of strain 13, TFP − , nonmotile 53 13 Type A strain, gangrene isolate, highly transformable 29 Open in a separate window Bacterial strains used in this study

Techniques: Mutagenesis, Confocal Microscopy, Labeling, Bacteria

Journal:

Article Title: Type IV Pili and the CcpA Protein Are Needed for Maximal Biofilm Formation by the Gram-Positive Anaerobic Pathogen Clostridium perfringens ▿

doi: 10.1128/IAI.00692-08

Figure Lengend Snippet: Laser confocal microscopy image of a C. perfringens biofilm formed on a cooked meat pellet. The sample was incubated with BacLight Live/Dead stain and calcofluor white, which binds to polysaccharides. The white line delineates the extent of the biofilm formed on the pellet. The colors visible in the image correspond to the following materials: red, meat pellet; blue, polysaccharides (calcofluor white stained); green, live bacteria.

Article Snippet: The standard culture conditions were incubation in a Coy anaerobic chamber (Coy Laboratory Products, Grass Lake, MI) at 37°C. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1. caption a7 C. perfringens strain Relevant characteristics Source ATCC 13124 Type A strain, type strain, gangrene ATCC JGS 1495 Type C strain G. Songer JGS 1721 Type D strain G. Songer JGS 1987 Type E strain G. Songer SM101 Type A strain, food poisoning, transformable 58 SM120 ccpA mutant derivative of SM101 52 SM125 pilC mutant derivative of strain 13, TFP − , nonmotile 53 SM126 pilT mutant derivative of strain 13, TFP − , nonmotile 53 13 Type A strain, gangrene isolate, highly transformable 29 Open in a separate window Bacterial strains used in this study

Techniques: Confocal Microscopy, Incubation, Staining, Bacteria

Journal:

Article Title: Type IV Pili and the CcpA Protein Are Needed for Maximal Biofilm Formation by the Gram-Positive Anaerobic Pathogen Clostridium perfringens ▿

doi: 10.1128/IAI.00692-08

Figure Lengend Snippet: Localization of PilA in C. perfringens biofilms. (A) Three-day-old C. perfringens strain 13 biofilms were incubated with antibodies to either the C. perfringens PilA1 or PilA2 protein and then stained with Alexa Fluor 594-conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibodies. Images labeled as PilA1-control and PilA2-control were biofilms incubated with prebleed sera for PilA1 and PilA2, respectively. (B) High-magnification images showing differential interference contrast (DIC) and tetramethyl rhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC) staining in biofilms. Antibodies directed against PilA proteins did not colocalize with bacteria.

Article Snippet: The standard culture conditions were incubation in a Coy anaerobic chamber (Coy Laboratory Products, Grass Lake, MI) at 37°C. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1. caption a7 C. perfringens strain Relevant characteristics Source ATCC 13124 Type A strain, type strain, gangrene ATCC JGS 1495 Type C strain G. Songer JGS 1721 Type D strain G. Songer JGS 1987 Type E strain G. Songer SM101 Type A strain, food poisoning, transformable 58 SM120 ccpA mutant derivative of SM101 52 SM125 pilC mutant derivative of strain 13, TFP − , nonmotile 53 SM126 pilT mutant derivative of strain 13, TFP − , nonmotile 53 13 Type A strain, gangrene isolate, highly transformable 29 Open in a separate window Bacterial strains used in this study

Techniques: Incubation, Staining, Labeling, Control, Bacteria

Journal:

Article Title: Type IV Pili and the CcpA Protein Are Needed for Maximal Biofilm Formation by the Gram-Positive Anaerobic Pathogen Clostridium perfringens ▿

doi: 10.1128/IAI.00692-08

Figure Lengend Snippet: Biofilm formation by multiple C. perfringens toxinotypes. (A) Biofilm formation in 24-well plates, measured as described in Materials and Methods. (B) Biofilm (A570)/planktonic-growth (OD600) ratio. White bars, 0 mM glucose; gray bars, 10 mM glucose; black bars, 100 mM glucose. In panel A, the P values shown represent a statistical comparison, using Student's t test, of biofilm formation between 0 mM and 100 mM glucose concentrations. For types C, D, and E, no statistically significant difference was found at these glucose concentrations. The error bars represent standard deviations.

Article Snippet: The standard culture conditions were incubation in a Coy anaerobic chamber (Coy Laboratory Products, Grass Lake, MI) at 37°C. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1. caption a7 C. perfringens strain Relevant characteristics Source ATCC 13124 Type A strain, type strain, gangrene ATCC JGS 1495 Type C strain G. Songer JGS 1721 Type D strain G. Songer JGS 1987 Type E strain G. Songer SM101 Type A strain, food poisoning, transformable 58 SM120 ccpA mutant derivative of SM101 52 SM125 pilC mutant derivative of strain 13, TFP − , nonmotile 53 SM126 pilT mutant derivative of strain 13, TFP − , nonmotile 53 13 Type A strain, gangrene isolate, highly transformable 29 Open in a separate window Bacterial strains used in this study

Techniques: Comparison

Journal:

Article Title: Type IV Pili and the CcpA Protein Are Needed for Maximal Biofilm Formation by the Gram-Positive Anaerobic Pathogen Clostridium perfringens ▿

doi: 10.1128/IAI.00692-08

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of glucose concentrations on biofilm formation in the wild type and a ccpA mutant strain of C. perfringens. (A and B) Biofilm formation by strains SM101 (wild type) (A) and SM120 (ccpA mutant) (B). (C and D) Ratio of biofilm/planktonic growth by strains SM101 (wild type) (C) and SM120 (ccpA mutant) (D). In panels A and B, the P values shown represent a statistical comparison, using Student's t test, of biofilm formation between 0 mM and 100 mM glucose concentrations. No statistically significant difference was found at these glucose concentrations for the wild-type strain at day 5 and the ccpA mutant strain at day 1. The error bars represent standard deviations.

Article Snippet: The standard culture conditions were incubation in a Coy anaerobic chamber (Coy Laboratory Products, Grass Lake, MI) at 37°C. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1. caption a7 C. perfringens strain Relevant characteristics Source ATCC 13124 Type A strain, type strain, gangrene ATCC JGS 1495 Type C strain G. Songer JGS 1721 Type D strain G. Songer JGS 1987 Type E strain G. Songer SM101 Type A strain, food poisoning, transformable 58 SM120 ccpA mutant derivative of SM101 52 SM125 pilC mutant derivative of strain 13, TFP − , nonmotile 53 SM126 pilT mutant derivative of strain 13, TFP − , nonmotile 53 13 Type A strain, gangrene isolate, highly transformable 29 Open in a separate window Bacterial strains used in this study

Techniques: Mutagenesis, Comparison

Journal:

Article Title: Type IV Pili and the CcpA Protein Are Needed for Maximal Biofilm Formation by the Gram-Positive Anaerobic Pathogen Clostridium perfringens ▿

doi: 10.1128/IAI.00692-08

Figure Lengend Snippet: Biofilms provide protection against oxidative and antibiotic stresses. (A) C. perfringens 3-day-old cultures were separated into biofilm and planktonic fractions and then exposed to various oxidative stresses, as indicated. (B) C. perfringens 3-day-old cultures were separated into biofilm and planktonic fractions and then exposed to 20 μg/ml penicillin G (27 times the MIC [37]) for the times indicated. In panel A, the P values of differences in survival of biofilm versus planktonic cells were each <0.002, by Student's t test, under the conditions described for each experiment. In panel B, differences in survival of biofilm and planktonic cells at each time were compared using Student's t test. *, P = 0.0156; **, P = 0.0254. The error bars represent standard deviations.

Article Snippet: The standard culture conditions were incubation in a Coy anaerobic chamber (Coy Laboratory Products, Grass Lake, MI) at 37°C. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1. caption a7 C. perfringens strain Relevant characteristics Source ATCC 13124 Type A strain, type strain, gangrene ATCC JGS 1495 Type C strain G. Songer JGS 1721 Type D strain G. Songer JGS 1987 Type E strain G. Songer SM101 Type A strain, food poisoning, transformable 58 SM120 ccpA mutant derivative of SM101 52 SM125 pilC mutant derivative of strain 13, TFP − , nonmotile 53 SM126 pilT mutant derivative of strain 13, TFP − , nonmotile 53 13 Type A strain, gangrene isolate, highly transformable 29 Open in a separate window Bacterial strains used in this study

Techniques: